Somali is the language of search, news and social media here, with Arabic in religious and some business content and English on NGO and government sites. The Somali shilling (SOS) is the official currency, but most online prices, rents and mobile money balances are in US dollars, and Somaliland uses its own shilling alongside the dollar. Mobile money is the default way to pay: EVC Plus from Hormuud in Mogadishu and the south, Zaad from Telesom in Somaliland, Sahal from Golis in Puntland, and eDahab from Somtel. A checkout that works in Mogadishu may need a different wallet in Hargeisa or Garowe.
Much trade runs through Facebook pages and WhatsApp rather than a national marketplace, which puts publishers and operators at the centre of any monitoring. Hiiraan Online, Garowe Online and Goobjoog News are long-running Somali news sites read at home and in the diaspora, alongside BBC Somali and the state news agency SONNA. Telecom sites from Hormuud, Telesom and Golis list bundles, wallet fees and merchant services that differ by region, and money-transfer firms such as Dahabshiil publish the remittance fees many families watch closely.
Somali-language results on Google, the main search engine, mix domestic outlets with diaspora sites in Kenya, Europe and North America, so a query from Mogadishu can return different pages than the same query from London. The Data Protection Act, Law No. 005 of 2023, created the Somalia Data Protection Authority, which launched in 2024.
Somalia's domestic air network does much of the work that roads do elsewhere. Somali-owned carriers such as Jubba Airways, Daallo Airlines and African Express Airways link Mogadishu's Aden Adde International Airport with Hargeisa, Bosaso, Garowe, Kismayo, Baidoa and Galkayo, and fly on to Nairobi, Djibouti and Jeddah. International airlines serving Mogadishu include Turkish Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways, Qatar Airways, Uganda Airlines and Air Djibouti. Fares are quoted in US dollars, and Jubba and Daallo overlap on routes such as Bosaso, Garowe, Hargeisa and Kismayo, so fare research should compare Somali airlines against each other as well as against the international connections through Nairobi, Addis Ababa and Istanbul.